Bengt Lidforss (15 September 1868, Lund – 23 September 1913, Lund) was a prominent Swedish socialist, and an accomplished natural scientist and writer.
Bengt Lidforss was born in Lund, Sweden. He studied botany and biology at Lund University and received his B.A. only 19 years old. Later he received a Ph.D. from Lund University. He became Professor of Botany in 1909 at Uppsala University and in 1910 at Lund University. He was one of the first Swedish scientists to write popular science. Lidforss developed a strong stance against religion and the Church of Sweden. He also exhibited antisemitic streaks sometimes.
Lidforss was a friend of August Strindberg and was an important name in the early Swedish socialist movement. He was one of the first intellectuals in Sweden to become a socialist.